Pneumatic tire



E. BREUER,

PNEUMATIC TIRE.

V APPUCATION FILED JULYQ, 1913- 1,396,697. PM Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

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E. BREUER.

PNEUMATIC TIRE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9, 1913.

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EDU ARD BREUER, OF PILSEN, AUSTRIA.

PNEUMATIC TIRE.

esa-eat,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filedl'uly 9, 1913. Serial No. 778,086.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONQ OF THE ACT OF MARGH 3,1921, 41 STAT. Il., 1313.)

T 0 all whom it may concern 7 Be it known that LVEDUARDY BREUER, a sub'ect of the Emperor of Austria, residing at ilsen, in Austria, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires, (for which I have filed applicationsin Austria, July 14, 1912, Patent No. 58,616,

and in Germany, Nov. 29, 1912,) of which the following is a specification.

The facility with which a pneumatic tire absorbs obstructions increases with the suppleness of its Walls and the absence of strain in said walls, and is to some extent inversely proportional to the internal pressure of the tire. These qualities of suppleness, absence of strain and low internal pressure are also important in reducing the amount of driving power required, and the heating of the tire;

The walls or envelops of tires for large loads are in some cases made of leather, in

others of layers of textile fabric or thread. To prevent frictionbetween superposed layers of fabric, when the tire is distorted by the action of the load or by passing over obstructions, the layers must be separated by elastic layers of rubber, and to protect them from damp another layer of rubber of con siderable thickness is required. The modu-r a pneumatic tire which can be used even for .the largest loads, by means'of an arrangement which relieves the walls of internal pres sure, and by making the tire of such width that even small distortion results in a comparatively large bearing surface being end to another part of the tire. These ties normall maintain the tread surface in cylindrica shape, and take the mternal pressure acting on :the tread, but do not in the least interfere with distortion of the tread by external pressure or with the resumption of the normal shape of the tread when external dlstorting pressure is removed. I

preferably distribute the points of attach ment of these ties uniformly about the whole circumference of the tire, and I may attach the ties either directly to the tube wall 1 mg on the folly, or may effect that attac ment by means of intermediate members. The internal pressure acting on the tread portion and on the felly wall is thus in part balanced, but as the aggregate pressure on the tread is greater, by reason of the larger circumference of the tread, longitudinal stresses are set up in the 'felly wall, and

wires or the like may be inserted in this wall to take these stresses.

- In those cases in which pneumatic tires have heretofore been divided into separate air-tight compartments by transverse walls, these walls have by reason of their slight strength, been incapable of resisting the internal pressure in the tire, and in other cases,

where the walls have been connected by horizontally arranged textile fabric, the latter has only taken the pressure directed against the side walls. Ties attached to the tread portion of the tire have not heretofore been used. The ties which I use enable the tread to be formed with a cylindrical surface, that is to say a surface which is fiat in the direction across the tire, and of such width that it can bear loads for which solid rubber tires have heretofore been required, and this effect has not heretofore been obtained, without the ties inside the tire.

In practice I prefer to form, the tire of a woven tube COIlSlStlIlgbf two pieces of fabric joined at their edges by weft threads common to both, and also connected, over their entire length and width, by pole or pile threads, as in the case of weaving double velvet. This tube is made air-tight by impregnation, and though made with thin walls is capable of withstanding an internal pressure which is only limited by the strength and density of the pole threads.

If the thickness of the tire is considerable -I may use an additional intermediate layer Patented Nov. 8, 1921. i

or layers of fabric, between the tread and the felly, all the layers being joined at the edges by weft threads, and connected to each other across their'width by pole threads. In this case the side walls of the tire are also con-.

nected. by ties, viz, by the horizontal threads of the intermediate piece or pieces of fabno, and such an air tight tube has not been known up to this time. I

The members used for taking the longitudinal stresses in the wall on the felly are preferably woven into this wall so that they do not project and cut through the impregnating mass. This arrangement of longitudinal ties, such as wires, on the wall lying on the folly is novel in connection with pneumatic tires, though it has been used in connection with solid rubber tires. The use of such longitudinal, non-extensible members forming a,ring affords a convenient means'of attaching the tire to the wheel by friction. Either the. tire is pressed on to the wheel, or part of the felly ispressed by convenient means against the wall of the tire. The thin, flexible outer Wall of the tire is not, however, capable of withstanding the stresses due to driving, steering and braking the vehicle. These stresses must be taken exclusively by the 'outer cover, which also afiords external protection. A leather cover may be used for this purpose, and may, byreason of the comparative smallness of the stresses to which it is exposed be so thin as to remain quite flexible.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a cross-section of one embodiment thereof showing the tire on the felly;

Figs. 2 to 5 are diagrams offour modifications of the air tube; v

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section showin part of an air tube in detail and Fig. 7 is a cross-section thereof partly broken away.

In Fig. 1, L designates the outer or tread wall of the air tube, and F the inner wall, thesewalls being of woven fabric, as are also thg intermediate horizontal walls or partitions H, and all the the said walls are joined to each other by pole threads P, the

- ties hereinbefore referred to. The external Walls are made air-tight by impregnation, and the walls and threads inside the tube 7 may also be impregnated .with rubber or with a glycerin composition or the lilie, which, does not destroy their suppleness and I increases their durability. In the wall F there are wires 8, taking the longitudinal stresses.

may, however, also be attached by other means, for example by vulcanizing it t0 the tread surface.

In the modification shown in Fig. 2 the tube is semicircular'or fan-shaped in crosssection, consisting of walls F and L joined by radial pole threads P In the modification shown in Fig. 3, the tube is in crosssection approximately similar to that shown in Fig. l, but has only two external horizontal walls F L joined by pole threads P In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the walls F and L of the tire are joined to each other by ties P attached to a flexible intermediate member M within the tube.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5 the tube, with its walls F and L joined by pole threads P, is similar to that shown in Fig. 3, but, the said walls are joined to the side walls by threads P The fabrics shown in Figs. 3 to 5 cannot well be described as double pile fabrics. They may be produced by means of circular knitting machines or braiding machines.

Figs. 6 and 7 show in detail the nature of the double pile fabric used in the construction shown in Fig. l, but with only one intermediate web. In Figs. 6 and 7 L and F designate the walls at the outer and inner circumference, joined to the intermediate wall H by pole threads P. Steel wires 8 are held by Weft threads to the wall F.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: V o L 1. Pneumatic tire, comprising an annular tubular member, flexible pressure-receiving ties inside saidtubular member connecting the outer circumferential wall thereof with the inner circumferential wall, in combination of the circumference ofsaid tubular member, attached to said inner wall, for taking longitudinal stresses in said wall.

2. An air-container for pneumatic tires comprising a tubular member having a tread wall formed of textile fabric, and flexible ties inside said tubular member connected by textile fabric with the tread Wall and connecting the same with portions of the inner surface of said tubular member.

3. An air-container for pneumatic tires comprising an annular tubular member, a flexible member of mesh material within same, extending in the direction of the circumference thereof, and flexible-tension ties connecting said flexible members with the outer and inner circumferential walls of said annular member. k

4. An air-container comprising anamiular hollow member, flexible tension-recew:

ing ties in said member connecting the outer circumferential wall thereof with the inner circumferential wall and taking u the internal pressure, in combination wit flexible ties of mesh material in said hollow member colilinecting the side Wal s thereof with a h ot er.

5. An air-container for pneumatic tubes comprislng a tubular ,n'lember of fabrlc rendered air-tight by impregnation, and crape threads inside said tubular member con necting the outer circumferential wall thereof with the inner circumferential wall.

6. An air-container for pneumatic tires comprising a tubular member of fabric rendered air-tight by impregnation, a layer of fabric inside said tubular member, extending in the "direction of the circumference thereof and woven together with said tubular member, and crapethreads connecting the outer and inner circumferential Walls of said tubular member with said layers of fabric. v

7. A pneumatic tire comprising an annular tubular member, a flexible mesh tensionreceiving means arranged within said member for taking up internal pressure thereon,

said tensionreceiving means comprising outer and inner circumferential walls, and flexible members connecting said walls.

8. A pneumatic tire comprising an annular tubular member, a tension-receiving member comprising outer and inner circumferential walls formed of flexible textile material arranged within said member, side walls of flexible textile material connecting said circumferential walls, a plurality of flexible ties connecting said circumferential walls, and a plurality of flexible ties connecting said side walls.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses. I a

ING. EDUARD BREUER. Witnesses:

RICHARD KOMINIK, AUeUsr FUGGER. 

